KING OF JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Jehoiakim. Eleven years in Jerusalem, under Egypt and then Babylon.

REIGNEDi

11 years c. 609–598 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 18th of 20 in Judah

VERDICT

✕ Did evil “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.”

PROPHETS

Jeremiah · Urijah son of Shemaiah

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

ACCESSION

How Jehoiakim came to power

  • Pharaoh-nechoh made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his brother and renamed him. 2 Kings 23:34 2 Chronicles 36:4

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

THE VERDICT

How Scripture judges the reign

“And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.”

2 Kings 23:37 (KJV) →

BUT ALSO

  • Jeremiah: "thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousness, and for to shed innocent blood". Jeremiah 22:17
  • Chronicles mentions "his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him". 2 Chronicles 36:8

CHRONICLES GIVES IT AS

“and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God”

2 Chronicles 36:5 (KJV) →

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS

✓ Did right ✕ Did evil ◐ Mixed ● No verdict formula

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the reign

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

Each mark sits at the year of the reign the Bible gives for it.

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

  • The scroll's warnings were burned, and the king and his servants "were not afraid, nor rent their garments". Jeremiah 36:23–24

PROPHETS

Prophets of the reign

  • Je Jeremiah “He shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem.”
  • Ur Urijah son of Shemaiah A prophet from Kirjath-jearim, killed by Jehoiakim after being brought back from Egypt.

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

EGYPT

Pharaoh-nechoh

BABYLON

Nebuchadnezzar

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · 605–594 BC

Babylonian Chronicle 5 (BM 21946)

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

His end

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES · JEREMIAH

The year of the first siege

DANIEL

JEREMIAH

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

11 years (2 Kgs 23:36). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 609–598 BC[117]

Printed form: 609–598 (PDF p. 36).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 609–598 BC[130]

Printed form: 609–598 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 609–598 BC[161]

Printed form: 609–598 (p. 22).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 610–599 BC[106]

Printed form: 610–599 (p. 82 (scan leaf n46)).

Taken in fetters, died on the way, left unburied

Ellicott's commentary on Jeremiah (Plumptre, 1884); Jamieson, Fausset and Brown (1871)

He was dragged off in chains as Chronicles says and died on the march, his body left behind. 2 Chronicles 36:6 Jeremiah 22:19 [54][135]

Bound, then left on his throne

C. F. Keil (1872); Joseph Benson (1811–18)

The fetters belong to an earlier episode: Nebuchadnezzar changed his mind and let him reign on as a vassal. 2 Kings 24:1 [19][116]

Killed in fighting, unburied

C. F. Keil (1872); Pulpit Commentary on Jeremiah; Ellicott's commentary

He fell in battle with the raiding bands, and "slept with his fathers" means only that he died. 2 Kings 24:2 2 Kings 24:6 [30][90][50]

Lured out and killed

H. Ewald (as reported by Ellicott's commentary)

He was drawn out to a pretended conference, seized and killed, and denied burial. Jeremiah 36:30 [50]

The Chronicler compresses the history

W. E. Barnes (1899)

Jehoiakim was probably never taken to Babylon; Chronicles foreshortens events. 2 Chronicles 36:6 [158]

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 9

2 Kings 23 2 Kings 24 2 Chronicles 36 Jeremiah 22 Jeremiah 25 Jeremiah 26 Jeremiah 36 Jeremiah 46 Daniel 1

PASSAGES · 9

2 Kings 23:34–37 2 Kings 24:1–7 2 Chronicles 36:4–8 Jeremiah 22:13–19 Jeremiah 25:1 Jeremiah 26:1–24 Jeremiah 36:1–32 Jeremiah 46:2 Daniel 1:1–2

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

  • Kings does not say where or how Jehoiakim died, or where he was buried.
  • Chronicles does not say he reached Babylon.
  • Scripture does not say why he rebelled against Babylon.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

  • Born Eliakim; Pharaoh-nechoh "turned his name to Jehoiakim" when he made him king. 2 Kings 23:34 2 Chronicles 36:4

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:27 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:5 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:11 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:18 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:20 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
  • W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
  • C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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