KING OF JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Joash. Forty years in Jerusalem, crowned at seven.

REIGNEDi

40 years c. 835–796 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 8th of 20 in Judah

VERDICT

◐ Mixed “And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest…”

PROPHETS

Zechariah son of Jehoiada · Prophets unnamed

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

THE ANOINTING

How Joash was anointed

  • Hidden six years in the temple, he was brought out in the seventh year by Jehoiada the priest, crowned and anointed, and set on the throne. 2 Kings 11:4–19 2 Chronicles 23:1–20
  • Jehoiada made a covenant "between the LORD and the king and the people". 2 Kings 11:17

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

THE VERDICT

How Scripture judges the reign

“And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him.”

2 Kings 12:2 (KJV) →

BUT ALSO

  • From the textBoth books limit the verdict to part of his reign: right "all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him" (Kings), "all the days of Jehoiada the priest" (Chronicles). That is why this page marks it as mixed. 2 Kings 12:2 2 Chronicles 24:2
  • But also: "the high places were not taken away". 2 Kings 12:3
  • Chronicles adds that after Jehoiada died the princes turned to groves and idols, and the king had Jehoiada's son Zechariah stoned in the temple court. 2 Chronicles 24:17–22

CHRONICLES GIVES IT AS

“And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all the days of Jehoiada the priest.”

2 Chronicles 24:2 (KJV) →

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS

✓ Did right ✕ Did evil ◐ Mixed ● No verdict formula

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the reign

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

Each mark sits at the year of the reign the Bible gives for it.

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

  • The people broke down the house of Baal at the start of his reign. 2 Kings 11:18
  • Yet "the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places". 2 Kings 12:3
  • After Jehoiada's death Judah "served groves and idols" (Chronicles). 2 Chronicles 24:18

PROPHETS

Prophets of the reign

  • Ze Zechariah son of Jehoiada “Why transgress ye the commandments of the LORD, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the LORD, he hath also forsaken you.”
  • Pr Prophets unnamed "Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD … but they would not give ear."

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

ARAM (DAMASCUS)

Hazael

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

The temple repairs

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The Syrians

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

His death and burial

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

Only in Chronicles

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

40 years (2 Kgs 12:1). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 835–796 BC[117]

Printed form: 835–796 (PDF p. 21).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 835–796 BC[130]

Printed form: 835–796 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 837–800 BC[161]

Printed form: c. 837–800 (p. 21).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 878–839 BC[106]

Printed form: 878–839 (p. 50 (scan leaf n30)).

Yes; Jehoiada had a second name, or was the grandfather

Geneva Bible notes (1599); Pulpit Commentary on Chronicles

Jehoiada was also called Barachiah, or Zechariah was Jehoiada's grandson. Ellicott called these hypotheses invented "without a shadow of evidence". Matthew 23:35 2 Chronicles 24:20 [76][82][55]

Yes; "son of Barachias" is a slip or an addition

A. Carr (1878); Ellicott's commentary (Plumptre); H. A. W. Meyer (1879); A. B. Bruce (1897)

Abel to Zechariah spans the Hebrew canon, Genesis to Chronicles; the father's name, absent in Luke 11:51, came from confusion with the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah. Luke 11:51 Zechariah 1:1 [3][55][77][1]

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 6

2 Kings 11 2 Kings 12 2 Kings 13 2 Chronicles 22 2 Chronicles 23 2 Chronicles 24

PASSAGES · 7

2 Kings 11:1–21 2 Kings 12:1–21 2 Kings 13:1 2 Kings 13:10 2 Chronicles 22:11–12 2 Chronicles 23:1–21 2 Chronicles 24:1–27

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

  • Kings does not say why his servants killed him.
  • Scripture does not say how old Jehoiada was when Joash was crowned.
  • Scripture does not say whether Joash ever repented of Zechariah's death.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

  • From the textKings calls him both Jehoash and Joash. He is not Jehoash (Joash) son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel in Amaziah's day. 2 Kings 11:21 2 Kings 12:19 2 Kings 13:10

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 15:19 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 16:1 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 17:6 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 21:12 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 22:9 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 25:14 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 26:1 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:27 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:5 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:11 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:18 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:20 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
  • W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
  • C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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