Hezekiah: the Reign · Bible Guide

KING OF JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Hezekiah. Twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; "after him was none like him".

REIGNEDi

29 years c. 729–687 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 13th of 20 in Judah

VERDICT

✓ Did right “And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did.”

PROPHETS

Isaiah son of Amoz · Micah the Morasthite · Hosea

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

THE VERDICT

How Scripture judges the reign

“And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did.”

2 Kings 18:3 (KJV) →

“so that after him was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him”

2 Kings 18:5 (KJV) →

BUT ALSO

Special praise: "He trusted in the LORD God of Israel; so that after him was none like him among all the kings of Judah". 2 Kings 18:5
From the textHe "removed the high places": he is the first king of Judah of whom Kings says this. Of Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joash, Amaziah, Azariah and Jotham it says they were not removed. 2 Kings 18:4 1 Kings 15:14 1 Kings 22:43 2 Kings 12:3 2 Kings 14:4 2 Kings 15:4 +1 more
Chronicles adds that after his recovery "his heart was lifted up", but he humbled himself, so wrath did not come in his days. 2 Chronicles 32:25–26
Chronicles: with the Babylonian envoys "God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart". 2 Chronicles 32:31

CHRONICLES GIVES IT AS

“And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.”

2 Chronicles 29:2 (KJV) →

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS

✓ Did right ✕ Did evil ◐ Mixed ● No verdict formula

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the reign

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

Each mark sits at the year of the reign the Bible gives for it.

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

The temple cleansed and reopened; priests and Levites restored (Chronicles). 2 Chronicles 29:3–36
A Passover open to the north, with letters sent from Beersheba to Dan. 2 Chronicles 30:1–27
High places, images, groves and Nehushtan removed. 2 Kings 18:4

PROPHETS

Prophets of the reign

Is Isaiah son of Amoz “He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it.”
Mi Micah the Morasthite “Zion shall be plowed like a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps”
Ho Hosea His prophecy is dated as late as Hezekiah's days.

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

ASSYRIA

Shalmaneser · Sennacherib · Esar-haddon

EGYPT AND CUSH

Tirhakah king of Ethiopia

BABYLON

Berodach-baladan

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · 701 BC CAMPAIGN; PRISMS 691 AND 689 BC

Sennacherib's annals (Taylor and Chicago prisms)

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · 701 BC

What the annals do not say

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · ABOUT 700 BC

The Lachish reliefs

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · ABOUT 700 BC (BY ITS LETTER FORMS)

The Siloam inscription

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · WRITTEN ABOUT 430 BC

Herodotus on "Sanacharib"

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

The tribute

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The deliverance

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The illness and the envoys

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

Reform and Passover

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

29 years (2 Kgs 18:2). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 729–687 BC[117]

Shared rule with Ahaz, 729–715 BC

Printed form: 715–687/686; co-regency from 729 (PDF p. 31).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 729–687 BC[130]

Shared rule with Ahaz, 729–716 BC

Printed form: 716/715–687/686; co-regency from 729/728 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 715–687 BC[161]

Printed form: c. 715–687 (p. 22).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 727–698 BC[106]

Shared rule with Ahaz, 727–726 BC

Printed form: 726–698 (joined with Ahaz 727) (p. 65 (scan leaf n37)).

Yes, from 729 BC

L. McFall (1991, after S. H. Horn and others); R. C. Young (2005)

The cross-dates with Hoshea count from a co-regency beginning in September 729; the "fourteenth year" of 2 Kgs 18:13 counts from his sole reign, beginning 715, which makes it 701. 2 Kings 18:1 2 Kings 18:10 2 Kings 18:13 [117][130]

No co-regency

E. R. Thiele (as reported by L. McFall, 1991); W. F. Albright (1945)

Thiele rejected a co-regency here; Albright dated Hezekiah about 715–687 with none. 2 Kings 18:13 [117][161]

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 15

2 Kings 16 2 Kings 18 2 Kings 19 2 Kings 20 2 Chronicles 28 2 Chronicles 29 2 Chronicles 30 2 Chronicles 31 2 Chronicles 32 Isaiah 36 Isaiah 37 Isaiah 38 Isaiah 39 Proverbs 25 Jeremiah 26

PASSAGES · 15

2 Kings 16:20 2 Kings 18:1–37 2 Kings 19:1–37 2 Kings 20:1–21 2 Chronicles 28:27 2 Chronicles 29:1–36 2 Chronicles 30:1–27 2 Chronicles 31:1–21 2 Chronicles 32:1–33 Isaiah 36:1–22 Isaiah 37:1–38 Isaiah 38:1–22 Isaiah 39:1–8 Proverbs 25:1 Jeremiah 26:18–19

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

Kings does not say where Hezekiah was buried; Chronicles does.
Scripture does not say in which year of his reign Hezekiah fell ill.
Scripture does not name the angel or describe how the Assyrians died.
Scripture does not say Hezekiah's water works were a tunnel; it speaks of a pool, a conduit and the Gihon watercourse brought down to the west side of the city.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

Scholars' viewThe tunnel and its inscription are usually linked with Hezekiah's conduit (2 Kgs 20:20; 2 Chr 32:30). Sayce (1884) called this "the prevalent opinion of scholars" but noted the stone has no date and raised the possibility of an earlier work; ISBE (1915) held the link "further confirmed". 2 Kings 20:20 2 Chronicles 32:30 [5][70]

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 26:1 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:27 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:5 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:11 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:18 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:20 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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