KING OF JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Jehoiachin. Three months in Jerusalem, thirty-seven years a captive in Babylon.

REIGNEDi

3 months c. 608–597 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 19th of 20 in Judah

VERDICT

✕ Did evil “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father had done.”

PROPHETS

Jeremiah · Ezekiel · Hananiah son of Azur

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

THE VERDICT

How Scripture judges the reign

“And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father had done.”

2 Kings 24:9 (KJV) →

BUT ALSO

  • Jeremiah: "Write ye this man childless, a man that shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David". Jeremiah 22:30

CHRONICLES GIVES IT AS

“and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD”

2 Chronicles 36:9 (KJV) →

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS

✓ Did right ✕ Did evil ◐ Mixed ● No verdict formula

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the reign

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

  • Hananiah the prophet promised his return within two years; Jeremiah denied it. Jeremiah 28:1–4

PROPHETS

Prophets of the reign

  • Je Jeremiah “though Coniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet upon my right hand, yet would I pluck thee thence”
  • Ez Ezekiel Taken into exile with him; Ezekiel's book counts its dates from "king Jehoiachin's captivity".
  • Ha Hananiah son of Azur A prophet of Gibeon who said Jeconiah would return within two years; Jeremiah opposed him.

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

BABYLON

Nebuchadnezzar · Evil-merodach

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · 597 BC

Babylonian Chronicle 5 (BM 21946)

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · 592/591 BC

Ration tablets from Babylon

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

His age

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

His reign

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The day of his release

2 KINGS

JEREMIAH

How many were taken

2 KINGS

JEREMIAH

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

3 months (2 Kgs 24:8); 3 months and 10 days (2 Chr 36:9). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 608–597 BC[117]

Shared rule with Jehoiakim, 608–598 BC

Printed form: 598–597; co-regency from 608 (PDF p. 36-37).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 598–597 BC[130]

Printed form: 598–597 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 598 BC[161]

Printed form: 598 (p. 22).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 599 BC[106]

Printed form: 599 (p. 85 (scan leaf n47)).

Both: co-king at eight, sole king at eighteen

Geneva Bible notes (1599); Matthew Poole (1683–85)

He reigned with his father from eight and alone from eighteen. 2 Kings 24:8 2 Chronicles 36:9 [73][127]

A co-regency with his father from 608 BC

L. McFall (1991)

McFall reads Chronicles' "eight years old" as his age when he became co-regent, in September 608, and Kings' "eighteen" as his age when he became king, in December 598. 2 Kings 24:8 2 Chronicles 36:9 [117]

A copyist dropped the sign for ten

C. F. Keil (1872); J. R. Lumby (1887); Pulpit Commentary on Chronicles; John Gill, citing the Syriac and Arabic

The smallest Hebrew letter, used for 10, fell out; he had wives (2 Kgs 24:15), which fits eighteen. 2 Kings 24:15 [20][101][164][113]

Eight is the original

E. Bertheau (as reported, and rejected, by C. F. Keil)

Eighteen was a later change to give a more fitting age for a king. 2 Chronicles 36:9 [20]

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 11

2 Kings 24 2 Kings 25 2 Chronicles 36 1 Chronicles 3 Jeremiah 22 Jeremiah 24 Jeremiah 28 Jeremiah 29 Jeremiah 52 Ezekiel 1 Matthew 1

PASSAGES · 11

2 Kings 24:6–17 2 Kings 25:27–30 2 Chronicles 36:8–10 1 Chronicles 3:16–17 Jeremiah 22:24–30 Jeremiah 24:1 Jeremiah 28:4 Jeremiah 29:2 Jeremiah 52:31–34 Ezekiel 1:2 Matthew 1:11–12

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

  • Scripture does not say when or where Jehoiachin died; Kings says only that he ate at the king's table "all the days of his life".
  • Scripture does not say why Evil-merodach released him.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

  • From the textJeremiah and Chronicles also call him Jeconiah and Coniah; Matthew's genealogy has Jechonias. Jeremiah 22:24 Jeremiah 24:1 Jeremiah 37:1 1 Chronicles 3:16 Matthew 1:11–12
  • From the textThe site's person record for him also carries the name "Shallum". This page does not use it: Jeremiah's Shallum is the son of Josiah who "reigned instead of Josiah his father", that is, Jehoahaz. Jeremiah 22:11

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 15:19 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 16:1 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 17:6 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 21:12 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 22:9 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 25:14 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 26:1 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:27 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:5 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:11 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:18 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:20 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
  • W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
  • C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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