PROPHET TO JUDAH AND THE NATIONS, FROM JOSIAH TO THE EXILE · TWO KINGDOMS
Jeremiah. The word came to him from Josiah's thirteenth year until Jerusalem fell; his last recorded words were spoken in Egypt.
SCRIPTURE CALLS
Prophet
ERA
Two kingdoms 930–586 BC
IN THE DAYS OF
Josiah · Jehoahaz · Jehoiakim · Jehoiachin · Zedekiah · Nebuchadnezzar · Gedaliah
BOOKS
Jeremiah · Lamentations
HOW THE WORD CAME
The call (Jeremiah 1)
THE CALL
Called, as two accounts tell it
“Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.”
Jeremiah 1:5 (KJV) →
HOW THE WORD KEPT COMING
- From the textMany sections of the book open by saying that the word came to Jeremiah from the LORD (Jer 7:1; 11:1; 18:1; 21:1; 30:1; 32:1; 34:1; 35:1; 40:1). Jeremiah 7:1 Jeremiah 11:1 Jeremiah 18:1 Jeremiah 21:1 Jeremiah 30:1 Jeremiah 32:1 +3 more
- Sometimes the word came as something to look at, with the question “What seest thou?”: the almond rod, the seething pot and two baskets of figs. Jeremiah 1:11–14 Jeremiah 24:1–3
- Often he was told to do something and then say what it meant, sometimes before witnesses: hide a girdle, break a bottle, wear a yoke, buy a field, hide stones (see Signs). His own life was made a sign: “Thou shalt not take thee a wife, neither shalt thou have sons or daughters in this place.” Jeremiah 13:1–11 Jeremiah 19:1–11 Jeremiah 27:2 Jeremiah 32:6–15 Jeremiah 43:8–10 Jeremiah 16:2
- The words were written down. Baruch wrote “from the mouth of Jeremiah” on a roll of a book; asked how, Baruch said, “He pronounced all these words unto me with his mouth, and I wrote them with ink in the book.” Jeremiah was also told “Write thee all the words that I have spoken unto thee in a book”, sent a letter to the captives in Babylon, and wrote in a book the evil to come on Babylon. Jeremiah 36:4 Jeremiah 36:17–18 Jeremiah 30:2 Jeremiah 29:1 Jeremiah 51:60
- He could not always answer at once. When Hananiah broke the yoke, “the prophet Jeremiah went his way” until the word came; when the remnant asked him to pray, the word came “after ten days”. Jeremiah 28:11–12 Jeremiah 42:7
- Three times he was told not to pray for the people: “Therefore pray not thou for this people”. Yet he prayed to the LORD after buying the field, and promised the remnant he would pray for them. Jeremiah 7:16 Jeremiah 11:14 Jeremiah 14:11 Jeremiah 32:16–17 Jeremiah 42:4
- He says he tried to keep silent and could not: “his word was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones, and I was weary with forbearing, and I could not stay.” And: “Thy words were found, and I did eat them”. Jeremiah 20:9 Jeremiah 15:16
BEFORE THE KINGS
Before seven rulers
KING OF JUDAH
Josiah
“He judged the cause of the poor and needy; then it was well with him: was not this to know me? saith the LORD.”
Jeremiah 22:16 (KJV) →
KING OF JUDAH
Jehoahaz (Shallum)
“weep sore for him that goeth away: for he shall return no more, nor see his native country”
Jeremiah 22:10 (KJV) →
KING OF JUDAH
Jehoiakim
“He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David: and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost.”
Jeremiah 36:30 (KJV) →
KING OF JUDAH
Jehoiachin (Coniah, Jeconiah)
“Write ye this man childless, a man that shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah.”
Jeremiah 22:30 (KJV) →
KING OF JUDAH
Zedekiah
“If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the king of Babylon’s princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire”
Jeremiah 38:17 (KJV) →
KING OF BABYLON
Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadrezzar)
“Take him, and look well to him, and do him no harm; but do unto him even as he shall say unto thee.”
Jeremiah 39:12 (KJV) →
GOVERNOR OF JUDAH UNDER BABYLON
Gedaliah, governor of the land
THE MESSAGE
The word in its main themes
Judah has forsaken the LORD
“For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water.”
Jeremiah 2:13 (KJV) →
No trust in the temple
“Trust ye not in lying words, saying, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, are these.”
Jeremiah 7:4 (KJV) →
“Is this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes?”
Jeremiah 7:11 (KJV) →
Amend your ways: justice for the weak
“Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness, and his chambers by wrong; that useth his neighbour’s service without wages, and giveth him not for his work”
Jeremiah 22:13 (KJV) →
The heart
“The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?”
Jeremiah 17:9 (KJV) →
“Blessed is the man that trusteth in the LORD, and whose hope the LORD is.”
Jeremiah 17:7 (KJV) →
Evil out of the north: serve the king of Babylon and live
“Behold, I set before you the way of life, and the way of death.”
Jeremiah 21:8 (KJV) →
“Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, and live.”
Jeremiah 27:12 (KJV) →
Against the prophets of peace
“They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace.”
Jeremiah 6:14 (KJV) →
“I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran: I have not spoken to them, yet they prophesied.”
Jeremiah 23:21 (KJV) →
“Is not my word like as a fire? saith the LORD; and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces?”
Jeremiah 23:29 (KJV) →
Seventy years, then home
“these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years”
Jeremiah 25:11 (KJV) →
“That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place.”
Jeremiah 29:10 (KJV) →
“And seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the LORD for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace.”
Jeremiah 29:7 (KJV) →
The new covenant
“Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah”
Jeremiah 31:31 (KJV) →
“I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.”
Jeremiah 31:33 (KJV) →
“for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”
Jeremiah 31:34 (KJV) →
The nations
“Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it.”
Jeremiah 25:15 (KJV) →
The prophet's own grief and complaint
“Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!”
Jeremiah 9:1 (KJV) →
“Is there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there?”
Jeremiah 8:22 (KJV) →
“Cursed be the day wherein I was born”
Jeremiah 20:14 (KJV) →
THE WORD TO …
To whom the word was spoken
TO PASHUR THE PRIEST
“The LORD hath not called thy name Pashur, but Magor-missabib.”
Jeremiah 20:3 (KJV) →
TO HANANIAH
“Hear now, Hananiah; The LORD hath not sent thee; but thou makest this people to trust in a lie.”
Jeremiah 28:15 (KJV) →
TO KING JEHOIAKIM
“Thou hast burned this roll”
Jeremiah 36:29 (KJV) →
TO CONIAH (JEHOIACHIN)
“O earth, earth, earth, hear the word of the LORD.”
Jeremiah 22:29 (KJV) →
TO KING ZEDEKIAH
“Thou shalt not die by the sword: But thou shalt die in peace”
Jeremiah 34:4–5 (KJV) →
TO THE CAPTIVES IN BABYLON
“Build ye houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them”
Jeremiah 29:5 (KJV) →
TO THE RECHABITES
“Jonadab the son of Rechab shall not want a man to stand before me for ever.”
Jeremiah 35:19 (KJV) →
TO BARUCH
“And seekest thou great things for thyself? seek them not”
Jeremiah 45:5 (KJV) →
TO EBED-MELECH
“thou shalt not fall by the sword, but thy life shall be for a prey unto thee: because thou hast put thy trust in me”
Jeremiah 39:18 (KJV) →
TO THE REMNANT AT GERUTH CHIMHAM, BY BETHLEHEM
“Go ye not into Egypt”
Jeremiah 42:19 (KJV) →
TO THE JEWS IN EGYPT
“all the remnant of Judah, that are gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know whose words shall stand, mine, or theirs.”
Jeremiah 44:28 (KJV) →
TO PHARAOH-HOPHRA
“Behold, I will give Pharaoh-hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies”
Jeremiah 44:30 (KJV) →
TO EGYPT
“Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaoh-necho king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish”
Jeremiah 46:2 (KJV) →
TO THE PHILISTINES
“The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza.”
Jeremiah 47:1 (KJV) →
TO MOAB
“Woe unto Nebo! for it is spoiled”
Jeremiah 48:1 (KJV) →
TO AMMON
“Hath Israel no sons? hath he no heir?”
Jeremiah 49:1 (KJV) →
TO EDOM
“Is wisdom no more in Teman? is counsel perished from the prudent?”
Jeremiah 49:7 (KJV) →
TO DAMASCUS
“Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they have heard evil tidings”
Jeremiah 49:23 (KJV) →
TO KEDAR AND THE KINGDOMS OF HAZOR
“Arise ye, go up to Kedar, and spoil the men of the east.”
Jeremiah 49:28 (KJV) →
TO ELAM
“The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah”
Jeremiah 49:34 (KJV) →
TO BABYLON
“Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her”
Jeremiah 51:64 (KJV) →
TO THE MEN OF ANATHOTH
“I will bring evil upon the men of Anathoth, even the year of their visitation.”
Jeremiah 11:23 (KJV) →
SIGNS
Signs and wonders
VISION
A rod of an almond tree
VISION
A seething pot from the north
SIGN-ACT
The linen girdle
SIGN-ACT
No wife, no mourning, no feasting
SIGN
At the potter's house
SIGN-ACT
The potter's bottle at Tophet
VISION
Two baskets of figs
SIGN-ACT
The wine cup of fury
SIGN-ACT
Bonds and yokes
SIGN-ACT
Wine before the Rechabites
SIGN-ACT
The field at Anathoth
SIGN-ACT
Stones hidden at Tahpanhes
SIGN-ACT
A book sunk in the Euphrates
WHAT CAME OF THE WORD
As Scripture reports it
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE WORD
SCRIPTURE REPORTS
THE BOOKS
2 books bear the name
Jeremiah
- 1 The call and two visions Jeremiah 1:1–19
- 2 Sayings against Judah and Jerusalem; the temple sermon; the prophet's complaints Jeremiah 2:1–20:18
- 3 Words to the kings and the prophets; the two baskets of figs Jeremiah 21:1–24:10
- 4 Seventy years, and the cup for the nations Jeremiah 25:1–38
- 5 Trial in the temple, the yokes, Hananiah, the letter to the captives Jeremiah 26:1–29:32
- 6 The book of comfort: return, new covenant, the field Jeremiah 30:1–33:26
- 7 Zedekiah's broken covenant, the Rechabites, the burned scroll, the prison Jeremiah 34:1–38:28
- 8 The fall, Gedaliah, the flight to Egypt, words to Baruch Jeremiah 39:1–45:5
- 9 Against the nations, ending with Babylon Jeremiah 46:1–51:64
- 10 The fall of Jerusalem retold Jeremiah 52:1–34
WHERE THE NEW TESTAMENT QUOTES IT · 8
Each band joins a chapter of Jeremiah to the New Testament books quoting it (6 books).
Lamentations
- 1 The city sits solitary Lamentations 1:1–22
- 2 The Lord's anger on Zion Lamentations 2:1–22
- 3 “I am the man that hath seen affliction” Lamentations 3:1–66
- 4 The gold become dim Lamentations 4:1–22
- 5 “Remember, O LORD” Lamentations 5:1–22
COMPANIONS AND OPPONENTS
Who stood with him, and against him
Baruch son of Neriah
Seraiah son of Neriah
Ebed-melech the Ethiopian
Ahikam son of Shaphan
The princes and elders at his trial
Urijah son of Shemaiah
Hanameel his cousin
Elnathan, Delaiah and Gemariah
Pashur son of Immer
Pashur son of Melchiah and the princes
Irijah the captain of the ward
Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest
Hananiah, Ahab, Zedekiah and Shemaiah
Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard
Johanan son of Kareah and Azariah son of Hoshaiah
HOW THE STORY ENDS
Scripture says, tradition says
SCRIPTURE SAYS
- He was taken to Egypt against his word with the remnant and Baruch, and came to Tahpanhes. Jeremiah 43:5–7
- His last recorded words are to the Jews in Egypt, at Migdol, Tahpanhes, Noph and Pathros. Jeremiah 44:1 Jeremiah 44:24–30
- From the textScripture does not say where, when or how he died. The book closes his words with “Thus far are the words of Jeremiah” (51:64) and adds the fall of Jerusalem and Jehoiachin's release (52). Jeremiah 51:64 Jeremiah 52:31–34
- Later Scripture remembers him: Daniel “understood by books” the seventy years of “the word of the LORD” to Jeremiah; Chronicles and Ezra name him at Cyrus's decree; and when Jesus asked who people said he was, some said “Jeremias”. Daniel 9:2 2 Chronicles 36:21–22 Ezra 1:1 Matthew 16:13–14
TRADITION SAYS
- “Jeremiah [Ermya] was from Anathoth, of the tribe of the Levites; and in Pitos and Egypt he was stoned by the people of the Jews, and there he died, and was buried.” The Egyptians honoured him.[37] Who says so: The Lives of the Prophets, ascribed to Epiphanius of Cyprus (a Syriac copy, translated by I. H. Hall, 1887), The ascription to Epiphanius (bishop from AD 367) is doubted (Davidson 1896); its date is not settled here
- “David is persecuted; Elias put to flight; Jeremias stoned; Esaias cut asunder”. No place is named. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910) calls this the first mention of the tradition that he was stoned in Egypt.[38][19] Who says so: Tertullian, Scorpiace 8, about AD 200
- “Jeremiah announced the captivity and was stoned by the people.” No place is named.[39] Who says so: Jerome, Against Jovinianus 2.37, late 4th century (he writes that “about four hundred years have passed since the preaching of Christ”)
- In this book the people of Jerusalem stone Jeremiah after the return from Babylon. Harris notes that later church tradition put the stoning “at Tahpanhes in Egypt, and not, as the Jerusalem tradition and the Christian Baruch say, in Jerusalem.”[40] Who says so: The Rest of the Words of Baruch (4 Baruch), edited by J. Rendel Harris (1889), Harris dates it to AD 136
- “From the mountain Jeremiah went to Egypt, where he remained until that country was conquered by Nebuchadnezzar and he was carried to Babylon.”[41] Who says so: Seder Olam 26, a Jewish chronology, as reported by the Jewish Encyclopedia (1904), Mishnah age (by about AD 200) if by Rabbi Jose ben Halafta, to whom the Talmud ascribes it (Jewish Encyclopedia, 1905)
- The Jewish Encyclopedia judges: “Whether his countrymen killed him, as tradition says, can, on account of the lack of historical data, be neither affirmed nor denied.” The ISBE (1915): “this report is not well founded.”[41][21] Who says so: Two reference works of the early 20th century, 1904 and 1915
OPEN QUESTIONS
Where readers have differed
The Greek keeps an earlier, shorter Hebrew text
J. D. Michaelis and Movers (as reported by Keil, 1874); G. C. Workman (1889); A. W. Streane (1896); M. Faulhaber (Catholic Encyclopedia, 1910); E. Tov (facts only, as reviewed by R. S. Hess, 2017)
The Greek (Septuagint) lacks about an eighth of the Hebrew wording, and puts the words against the nations (Hebrew chapters 46–51) after 25:13, in another order. Workman: “The Septuagint presents not only a purer and an earlier, but also a superior, form of the book.” Streane: the “omissions” exist “in consequence of its nearer approximation to the original form of the Hebrew text”. Since then Hebrew fragments of Jeremiah have been found at Qumran; reviewing Tov, Hess (2017) writes that the earlier short editions “may be found in the Septuagint and in 4QJerb and 4QJerd.” Jeremiah 25:13 Jeremiah 46:1 [4][13][14][19][22]
The Greek translator shortened and rearranged it
K. H. Graf (1862); C. F. Keil (1874); Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
Keil reports Graf's count, “about 2700 words of the Masoretic text, or somewhere about the eighth part of the whole”, and blames “the translator's arbitrariness, carelessness, and want of apprehension.” Graf: “it can hardly be called a translation”.[4][20]
Weigh each reading; on the whole the Hebrew
S. R. Driver (1891)
Driver: “The number of words in the Hebrew text not represented in the LXX has been calculated at 2700, or one-eighth of the entire book.” The claims of each text “have been greatly exaggerated by their respective advocates; on the whole, the Massoretic text deserves the preference; but it is impossible to uphold the unconditional superiority of either.”[3]
IN SCRIPTURE
Every passage
CHAPTERS · 60
2 Chronicles 35 Jeremiah 1 Jeremiah 2 Jeremiah 3 Jeremiah 4 Jeremiah 5 Jeremiah 6 Jeremiah 7 Jeremiah 8 Jeremiah 9 Jeremiah 10 Jeremiah 11 Jeremiah 12 Jeremiah 13 Jeremiah 14 Jeremiah 15 Jeremiah 16 Jeremiah 17 Jeremiah 18 Jeremiah 19 Jeremiah 20 Jeremiah 21 Jeremiah 22 Jeremiah 23 Jeremiah 24 Jeremiah 25 Jeremiah 26 Jeremiah 27 Jeremiah 28 Jeremiah 29 Jeremiah 30 Jeremiah 31 Jeremiah 32 Jeremiah 33 Jeremiah 34 Jeremiah 35 Jeremiah 36 Jeremiah 37 Jeremiah 38 Jeremiah 39 Jeremiah 40 Jeremiah 41 Jeremiah 42 Jeremiah 43 Jeremiah 44 Jeremiah 45 Jeremiah 46 Jeremiah 47 Jeremiah 48 Jeremiah 49 Jeremiah 50 Jeremiah 51 Jeremiah 52 2 Chronicles 36 Ezra 1 Daniel 9 Matthew 2 Matthew 16 Matthew 27 Hebrews 8
PASSAGES · 10
2 Chronicles 35:25 Jeremiah 1:1–52:34 2 Chronicles 36:12 2 Chronicles 36:21–22 Ezra 1:1 Daniel 9:2 Matthew 2:17–18 Matthew 16:14 Matthew 27:9–10 Hebrews 8:8–12
WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY
- Scripture does not record Jeremiah's death, his age, or his grave.
- The text does not say Jeremiah married; he was told not to take a wife “in this place” (Jer 16:2).
- The text says “he cut it with the penknife” after Jehudi read three or four leaves (Jer 36:23); it does not make clear whether “he” is Jehudi or the king. It says the king burned the roll (36:27–28).
- At Tophet, at Tahpanhes and with Seraiah's book, the text gives the LORD's or Jeremiah's command and the words to be said, but does not tell the act being done (Jer 19:1–11; 43:8–13; 51:59–64).
- Jeremiah of Libnah, father of Hamutal, the mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah (2 Kgs 23:31; 24:18), is a different man.
- Matthew's “Jeremy” at Matthew 27:9 is discussed below; the words Matthew gives are not found in that form in the book of Jeremiah.
SOURCES
Where this page comes from
- L. C. L. Brenton (tr.), The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, translated into English (1844), Jeremiah in the Greek order: chs. 34:2 (Heb. 27:2, no verse 1), 35:1 (Heb. 28:1), 36:24 (Heb. 29:24), 46:1–18 (Heb. 39, verses 4–13 absent); read in the site's Brenton text (data/text/lxxe).
- L. C. L. Brenton (tr.), The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament and Apocrypha (1851), the opening sentence of Lamentations (checked against the 1879 Bagster scan).
- S. R. Driver, An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (1891), pp. 239–240 (Jer 10:11), 248, 253–254 (the Greek text of Jeremiah), 298–299 (Obadiah), 314–315 (Nahum), 317–319 (Habakkuk, Zephaniah), 432–435 (Lamentations).
- C. F. Keil, tr. D. Patrick, The Prophecies of Jeremiah, vol. 1 (Keil and Delitzsch) (1874), Introduction, pp. 31–35 (the Greek text; Graf 1862 quoted); scan of the 1880 printing.
- C. F. Keil, tr. J. Kennedy, The Prophecies of Jeremiah, vol. 2, with The Lamentations (Keil and Delitzsch) (1874), Introduction to Lamentations, pp. 349–350.
- C. F. Keil, tr. D. Patrick, The Prophecies of Jeremiah (Keil and Delitzsch) (1874), note on Jer 25:11 (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. D. Patrick, The Prophecies of Jeremiah (Keil and Delitzsch) (1874), note on Jer 27:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. M. G. Easton, Biblical Commentary on the Book of Daniel (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on Dan 9:2, reporting Ewald (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, The Twelve Minor Prophets (Keil and Delitzsch) (1868), Introduction to Obadiah (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, The Twelve Minor Prophets (Keil and Delitzsch) (1868), Introduction to Nahum, quoting Vitringa (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, The Twelve Minor Prophets (Keil and Delitzsch) (1868), Introduction to Habakkuk (read on Bible Hub).
- C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, The Twelve Minor Prophets (Keil and Delitzsch) (1868), Introduction to Zephaniah (read on Bible Hub).
- G. C. Workman, The Text of Jeremiah (1889), pp. 117–118, 222–223.
- A. W. Streane, The Double Text of Jeremiah (1896), p. 13.
- A. W. Streane, The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah, together with the Lamentations (Cambridge Bible) (1881), p. 172 (note on 25:11).
- A. W. Streane, Jeremiah and Lamentations (Cambridge Bible, revised edition) (1913), note on Jer 27:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- A. W. Streane, Jeremiah and Lamentations (Cambridge Bible, revised edition) (1913), introductory note to Jer 39, reporting Giesebrecht, Duhm and Cornill (read on Bible Hub).
- A. S. Peake, Jeremiah and Lamentations, vol. 2 (The Century Bible) (1910), p. 13 (note on 25:11).
- M. Faulhaber, "Jeremias", Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 8 (1910), the text of the book; the tradition of his death (online text).
- M. G. Easton, Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897), entry "Jeremiah, Book of" (read on Bible Hub).
- C. von Orelli, "Jeremiah", International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia (1915), his death (online text; not checked against a scan of the printed edition; read on Bible Hub).
- R. S. Hess, Review of E. Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research, 3rd ed. (2015), Denver Journal (facts only) (2017), on 4QJer b and 4QJer d and the shorter Greek edition.
- C. J. Ellicott (ed.), A Bible Commentary for English Readers (c. 1878–1884), note on Jer 25:11 (read on Bible Hub).
- C. J. Ellicott (ed.), A Bible Commentary for English Readers (c. 1878–1884), note on Jer 27:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- C. J. Ellicott (ed.), A Bible Commentary for English Readers (c. 1878–1884), note on Jer 40:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- C. J. Ellicott (ed.), A Bible Commentary for English Readers (c. 1878–1884), note on Matt 27:9 (read on Bible Hub).
- H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on Jer 25:11 (read on Bible Hub).
- H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on Jer 40:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on Zech 1:12 (read on Bible Hub).
- John Gill, An Exposition of the Old Testament (1748–1763), note on Jer 27:1 (read on Bible Hub).
- John Gill, An Exposition of the New Testament (1746–1748), note on Matt 27:9 (read on Bible Hub).
- Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826), note on Matt 27:9 (read on Bible Hub).
- R. Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and D. Brown, A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory, on the Whole Bible (1871), note on Matt 27:9, quoting John Lightfoot's Horae Hebraicae (read on Bible Hub).
- Augustine, tr. S. D. F. Salmond, The Harmony of the Gospels (NPNF First Series, vol. 6) (1888), 3.7.29–31.
- M. B. Riddle (ed.), Editor's note to Augustine, Harmony of the Gospels 3.7 (NPNF First Series, vol. 6) (1888), note 1344 in the CCEL text.
- M. L. Rodkinson (tr.), New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud: Tract Baba Bathra (1902), pp. 44–45 (Baba Bathra 14b–15a: the order of the prophets; who wrote which books).
- I. H. Hall (tr.), "The Lives of the Prophets", Journal of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis 7 (1887), pp. 36–37 (Jeremiah), from a Syriac manuscript ascribed to Epiphanius of Cyprus.
- Tertullian, tr. S. Thelwall, Scorpiace (ANF vol. 3) (1885), ch. 8.
- Jerome, tr. W. H. Fremantle, Against Jovinianus (NPNF Second Series, vol. 6) (1893), 2.37.
- J. Rendel Harris, The Rest of the Words of Baruch: A Christian Apocalypse of the Year 136 A.D. (1889), pp. 21, 24.
- E. G. Hirsch, V. Ryssel, S. Schechter and L. Ginzberg, "Jeremiah", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7 (1904), biblical data; in rabbinical literature (Seder Olam 26); the Christian legend.
- M. Seligsohn, "Seder 'Olam Rabbah", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 11 (1905), authorship; the dates it gives the prophets.
- Jewish Encyclopedia, "Hezekiah", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (1904), §2 (Zephaniah's ancestor; Ibn Ezra and Abravanel).
- Origen, tr. F. Crombie, A Letter to Africanus (ANF vol. 4) (1885), sections 7–8.
- G. A. Smith, The Book of the Twelve Prophets, vol. 2 (The Expositor's Bible) (1898), pp. 41, 47 (Zephaniah), 78, 85 (Nahum), 167, 171 (Obadiah), 193 (Zechariah's seventy years).
- A. B. Davidson, The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah (Cambridge Bible) (1896), pp. 12–13 (Elkosh; date of Nahum), 45–46, 49, 53 (Habakkuk), 96–97 (Zephaniah).
- E. B. Pusey, The Minor Prophets, with a Commentary (first published 1860–77; London printing of 1883) (1883), Introduction to Obadiah, pp. 227–229.
- C. J. Gadd, The Fall of Nineveh: the newly discovered Babylonian Chronicle, No. 21,901, in the British Museum (1923), pp. 15–16, 40–41 (reverse, lines 38–45).
- D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, vol. 2 (1927), §§776–778, pp. 295–296 (the Rassam Cylinder on Ni', Thebes).
- T. Witton Davies, in R. H. Charles (ed.), The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, vol. 1 (1913), pp. 655–656 (Bel and the Dragon: date; verses 33–39).
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