QUEEN WHO REIGNED OVER JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Athaliah. Six years on David's throne, the only woman to reign over Judah.

REIGNEDi

6 years c. 841–835 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 7th of 20 in Judah

SCRIPTURE SAYS

“Athaliah did reign over the land." That one sentence (in Chronicles, "Athaliah reigned over the land") is…”

PROPHETS

None named

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

ACCESSION

How Athaliah came to power

  • When her son Ahaziah died in Jehu's revolt she "arose and destroyed all the seed royal". 2 Kings 11:1 2 Chronicles 22:10
  • Jehosheba, King Joram's daughter and Ahaziah's sister, hid the infant Joash and his nurse in a bedchamber; Chronicles adds she was the wife of Jehoiada the priest. 2 Kings 11:2 2 Chronicles 22:11

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

WHAT SCRIPTURE SAYS

What Scripture says of her

  • "Athaliah did reign over the land." That one sentence (in Chronicles, "Athaliah reigned over the land") is all either book says about her rule itself; the rest tells how it began and how it ended. 2 Kings 11:3 2 Chronicles 22:12
  • As queen mother she was her son Ahaziah's counsellor "to do wickedly". 2 Chronicles 22:3
  • Chronicles later calls her "that wicked woman" and says her sons broke up the house of God and gave its dedicated things to the Baalim. 2 Chronicles 24:7
  • From the textNeither book gives her any part of the formula it gives the kings: no verdict, mother's name, age, stated length, source note or burial. The six years are known from the time Joash was hidden. 2 Kings 11:1–20 2 Chronicles 22:10–23:21

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the account

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

Each mark sits at the year of the reign the Bible gives for it.

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

  • At her fall there was a house of Baal in Jerusalem with its own priest, Mattan. 2 Kings 11:18
  • Chronicles: her sons broke up the house of God and gave its dedicated things to the Baalim. 2 Chronicles 24:7

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

ISRAEL

Jehu

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

Who guarded the young king

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The princess who saved Joash

2 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

6 years (2 Kgs 11:3). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 841–835 BC[117]

Printed form: 841–835 (PDF p. 21).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 841–835 BC[130]

Printed form: 841–835 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 842–837 BC[161]

Printed form: c. 842–837 (p. 21).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 884–878 BC[106]

Printed form: 884–878 (p. 49-50 (scan leaf n29)).

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 6

2 Kings 8 2 Kings 11 2 Chronicles 21 2 Chronicles 22 2 Chronicles 23 2 Chronicles 24

PASSAGES · 8

2 Kings 8:18 2 Kings 8:26 2 Kings 11:1–20 2 Chronicles 21:6 2 Chronicles 22:2–3 2 Chronicles 22:10–12 2 Chronicles 23:1–21 2 Chronicles 24:7

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

  • Scripture gives Athaliah no regnal formula: no cross-date to Israel, no age, no verdict formula, no source note and no burial.
  • Scripture does not say how old she was or how her six years were governed.
  • Scripture does not name Jezebel as her mother.
  • Scripture does not say she built the house of Baal; it says the house and its priest were there when she fell.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

  • From the textKings and Chronicles call her "the daughter of Omri" and say Jehoram's wife was "the daughter of Ahab". The text does not name her mother; the site's family data links her to Ahab and Jezebel. 2 Kings 8:18 2 Kings 8:26 2 Chronicles 21:6 2 Chronicles 22:2

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 28:5 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:11 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 33:18 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:20 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
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  • W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
  • W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
  • C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
  • H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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