Rehoboam: the Reign · Bible Guide

KING OF JUDAH · TWO KINGDOMS

Rehoboam. Seventeen years in Jerusalem, as the kingdom split in two.

REIGNEDi

17 years c. 931–913 BC (dates vary)

CAPITAL

Jerusalem

HOUSE

House of David 1st of 20 in Judah

VERDICT

✕ Did evil “And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD”

PROPHETS

Shemaiah · Ahijah the Shilonite · Iddo the seer

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS REHOBOAM → ZEDEKIAH

ACCESSION

How Rehoboam came to power

He went to Shechem to be made king over all Israel. The people asked him to lighten Solomon's heavy yoke; he refused on the young men's advice, and the ten northern tribes rejected the house of David. 1 Kings 12:1–16 2 Chronicles 10:1–16
Kings says the outcome was "from the LORD", to fulfil Ahijah's word to Jeroboam. 1 Kings 12:15 1 Kings 11:29–31
Only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David; Benjamin is counted with Judah when Rehoboam musters his army. 1 Kings 12:20–21 2 Chronicles 11:1

SUCCESSION

The two kingdoms

THE VERDICT

How Scripture judges the reign

“And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD”

1 Kings 14:22 (KJV) →

“above all that their fathers had done”

1 Kings 14:22 (KJV) →

BUT ALSO

From the textKings gives Rehoboam no verdict of his own. It says Judah did evil in his reign, building high places and images, with "sodomites in the land". 1 Kings 14:22–24
Chronicles says he and Judah walked in the way of David and Solomon for three years, then forsook the law once the kingdom was strong. 2 Chronicles 11:17 2 Chronicles 12:1
Chronicles alone tells that the king and princes humbled themselves when Shemaiah spoke, so the LORD did not destroy them altogether, "and also in Judah things went well". 2 Chronicles 12:6–7 2 Chronicles 12:12

CHRONICLES GIVES IT AS

“And he did evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the LORD.”

2 Chronicles 12:14 (KJV) →

JUDAH (THE SOUTH): 20 RULERS

✓ Did right ✕ Did evil ◐ Mixed ● No verdict formula

THE KINGDOM

Jerusalem and the places of the reign

Judah (the south) · tribe of Judah. Only places Scripture names are shown, each where the Atlas puts it.

EVENTS

Wars, works and turning points

Each mark sits at the year of the reign the Bible gives for it.

UNDATED IN SCRIPTURE

THE NATION

What the nation did

Judah built high places, images and groves "on every high hill, and under every green tree". 1 Kings 14:23–24
Chronicles: Levites and those who sought the LORD came to Jerusalem from all Israel to sacrifice. 2 Chronicles 11:13–16

PROPHETS

Prophets of the reign

Sh Shemaiah “Thus saith the LORD, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak.”
Ah Ahijah the Shilonite His earlier word to Jeroboam, that ten tribes would be torn from Solomon's son, is named as the reason Rehoboam would not listen.
Id Iddo the seer Chronicles names "Iddo the seer concerning genealogies" with Shemaiah as a written source for Rehoboam's acts.

ON THE WORLD STAGE

The powers of the day

EGYPT

Shishak

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · ABOUT 925 BC

Shoshenq I's relief at Karnak

OUTSIDE THE BIBLE · ABOUT 925 BC

What the Karnak list does not say

TWO ACCOUNTS

Where Kings and Chronicles differ

Each ribbon joins the two accounts of one matter, passage to passage.

Shishak's invasion

1 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

The verdict

1 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

Only in Chronicles

1 KINGS

2 CHRONICLES

DATES DIFFER

When was it?

SCRIPTURE'S NUMBERS

No years given

17 years (1 Kgs 14:21). Scripture gives lengths and cross-dates, never BC years.

THIELE, REVISED BY MCFALL (1991)

c. 931–913 BC[117]

Printed form: 931/930–913 (PDF p. 10).

YOUNG (2005), REVISING THIELE

c. 932–914 BC[130]

Printed form: 932/931–914 (p. 246 (Table 2)).

ALBRIGHT (1945)

c. 922–915 BC[161]

Printed form: c. 922–915 (p. 20).

TRADITIONAL DATES (USSHER, 1658)

c. 975–958 BC[106]

Printed form: 975–958 (p. 40 (scan leaf n25)).

Yes, the city was captured

C. F. Keil (1872)

Shishak plundered the treasures of the temple and the palace, so he must have captured the city. 2 Chronicles 12:9 [8]

Spared destruction, but not surrender

C. J. Ellicott's commentary (about 1880)

Jerusalem surrendered, but was preserved from destruction when the people repented at Shemaiah's call. 2 Chronicles 12:7 [35]

He was bought off

W. E. Barnes (1899)

Shishak was bought off with a heavy present, as Sennacherib later was by Hezekiah. 2 Chronicles 12:9 2 Kings 18:14 [143]

IN SCRIPTURE

Every passage

CHAPTERS · 8

1 Kings 11 1 Kings 12 1 Kings 14 1 Kings 15 2 Chronicles 9 2 Chronicles 10 2 Chronicles 11 2 Chronicles 12

PASSAGES · 8

1 Kings 11:43 1 Kings 12:1–24 1 Kings 14:21–31 1 Kings 15:6 2 Chronicles 9:31 2 Chronicles 10:1–19 2 Chronicles 11:1–23 2 Chronicles 12:1–16

WHAT SCRIPTURE DOES NOT SAY

Scripture does not say why Rehoboam's mother, an Ammonite, is named twice in Kings (1 Kgs 14:21, 31); it simply repeats it.
Scripture does not say Shishak captured Jerusalem itself; both books say he "came up against Jerusalem" and took its treasures.
Kings and Chronicles give no year for his building work or for the three faithful years.

IDENTIFICATIONS THIS PAGE RELIES ON

Scholars' viewShishak of the Bible is identified with Shoshenq I of Egypt's 22nd dynasty. Champollion, who read the Karnak relief in 1828, wrote that the identity he had already proposed was confirmed there; Breasted (1906) dates the campaign to Rehoboam's fifth year. A minority of revisionist writers reject the identification. 1 Kings 14:25 [105][94]

SOURCES

Where this page comes from

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W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 35:25 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:10 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:6 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).
W. E. Barnes, The Books of Chronicles (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1899), Introduction, §8.
W. F. Albright, "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100 (facts only) (1945), Chronological table, pp. 20–22.
C. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin, Biblical Commentary on the Books of the Kings (Keil and Delitzsch) (1872), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
J. R. Lumby, The Second Book of the Kings (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges) (1887), note on 2 Kgs 15:30 (read on Bible Hub).
H. D. M. Spence and J. S. Exell (eds.), The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1897), note on 2 Chr 36:9 (read on Bible Hub).

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