NAMED IN THESE RECORDS AS THE HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
Leiden
records held
listed on this page
openly licensed photographs
matched to our catalogue
The National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden. This is **not** the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, which is a different institution and has its own card. The two are often confused because both are called a Rijksmuseum — a state museum.
THE OBJECTS
What we hold for this collection.
Ipuwer Papyrus
literary work; manuscript · papyrus
Unknown – Creator (opens in a new tab) Public domain
Egyptian lament sometimes claimed as a record of the Exodus plagues.
ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus made during the Nineteenth Dynasty
CULTURE
literary work; manuscript
MEDIUM
papyrus
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
ARCHAEOLOGY CATALOGUE · ROW BA-116 literary parallel; Exodus identification unsupported
What it supports. Enmarch's scholarly commentary treats Ipuwer as an Egyptian literary dialogue about disorder, divine justice and responsibility.
What it does not. Shared disaster imagery is not evidence that the papyrus reports the Exodus plagues. Composition, surviving-copy date and literary setting must be distinguished.
Bears on: Exodus 7-12
Matches a row of this project's archaeology catalogue
CDLI Seals 014578 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · stone
CDLI Seals 014578 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
stone
DIMENSIONS
32 x 12
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO A 1950/1.2
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014719 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · chalcedony; gold
CDLI Seals 014719 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
chalcedony; gold
DIMENSIONS
28
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO A 1952/1.1
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014723 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · cornelian
CDLI Seals 014723 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
cornelian
DIMENSIONS
00 x 38
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO B 1950/2.6
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014736 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · agate
CDLI Seals 014736 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
agate
DIMENSIONS
27 x 16
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO B 1987/5.3
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014896 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · agate
CDLI Seals 014896 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
agate
DIMENSIONS
11 x 27
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO GS-30149
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014897 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · lapis lazuli
CDLI Seals 014897 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
lapis lazuli
DIMENSIONS
13 x 25
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO GS-30150
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
CDLI Seals 014968 (physical)
Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · Achaemenid (547-331 BC) · chalcedony
CDLI Seals 014968 (physical)
DATE
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
PERIOD
Achaemenid (547-331 BC)
MEDIUM
chalcedony
DIMENSIONS
33 x 23 x 14
MUSEUM NUMBER
RMO GS-40297
RECORDED HOLDER
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Holland
No biblical link recorded
Records and photographs are the museums' and archives' own, used under the licences each one states. A record here is a record, not an endorsement of any reading of the object.
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